Hasbro 4Q net income down 1 percent (AP)

NEW YORK ? It was a blue Christmas for Hasbro. The No. 2 toy maker said Monday that its fourth-quarter profit slipped 1 percent, pinched by softer-than-expected demand in the U.S. and Canada and slow sales of games and puzzles during the key holiday season.

The results contrasted with larger rival, Barbie-maker Mattel Inc., which last week reported better-than-expected results for the season. Toy makers can make up to half of their annual revenue during the holiday quarter.

While earnings for Hasbro ? maker of Nerf, Transformers and My Little Pony ? matched Wall Street estimates, revenue was slightly below forecasts.

Hasbro owns such classic board games as Monopoly, Life and Scrabble. It has updated the brands with digital versions and high-tech features, but board games were not big sellers this holiday season. It has also started making action movies with board game titles. "Battleship" from Universal hits theaters in May.

"We did not meet our expectations for growth in the U.S. and Canada segment, as we experienced weaker demand than we had anticipated, especially post-Thanksgiving, including challenges in the games and puzzles category," President and CEO Brian Goldner said in a statement. He added that the company is putting new leadership in charge and has plans to rejuvenate results.

The company has been revamping its games business and Goldner said in a call with analysts that this will help results improve going forward.

"(We have) established the new Gaming Center of Excellence, and they are innovating, creating new technologies and inventing new brands," he said. "We continue to believe that through a combination of face-to-face, off-the-board, and digital gaming there is an opportunity to grow our gaming business."

Hasbro Inc., based in Pawtucket, R.I., reported net income of $139.1 million, or $1.06 per share, for the period ended Dec. 25. That compares with $140 million, or 99 cents per share, a year earlier.

The results matched expectations of analysts surveyed by FactSet. Earnings per share rose because there were fewer shares outstanding in the current quarter.

Last week Mattel, the No. 1 toy maker in the U.S., reported its fourth-quarter profit climbed on strong holiday demand for its toys. But like Hasbro, the El Segundo, Calif., company said that its U.S. performance was weak.

Hasbro's quarterly revenue rose 4 percent to $1.33 billion from $1.28 billion, buoyed by overseas sales and its boys and preschool categories. Revenue dropped in its girls and games and puzzles categories

Wall Street expected $1.34 billion in revenue.

Revenue in the U.S. and Canada segment dropped 2 percent, to $592.8 million, while international sales rose to 8.4 percent, $669.8 million. Entertainment and licensing segment revenue climbed to $64.1 million from $53.5 million.

For the full year Hasbro earnings fell 3 percent to $385.4 million, or $2.82 per share, from $397.8 million, or $2.74 per share, in the previous year. Annual revenue increased 7 percent to $4.29 billion from $4 billion.

Hasbro expects higher earnings per share and revenue in 2012.

Shares rose 80 cents to close at $36.66 Monday.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/earnings/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120206/ap_on_bi_ge/us_earns_hasbro

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Interview: Linda Abarbanell on ?Spatial Language and Reasoning in ...

Linda Beth Abarbanell is a Postdoctoral fellow in Education at Harvard. In 2010 she received a Post-PhD research grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation to aid research on ?Spatial Language and Reasoning in Tseltal Mayans?. Recently we reached out to Abarbanell to learn more about her work in Chiapas, Mexico, examining the relationship between language, culture and thought in the area of spatial language and cognition.

?

Whom or what inspired you in choosing your specific research topic or area?

I?ve always been interested in knowledge ? how it?s structured and learned, how concepts develop and change, where they come from. I studied philosophy as an undergraduate, where one of my favorite works was Kant?s Critique of Pure Reason ? all about a priori intuitions of space and time. Later, I worked as a fourth grade teacher in New York City, teaching mostly recent immigrant and second-generation children. I became curious about how context, particularly language and culture, interact with different types of knowledge to affect the learning of each child. When I went back to graduate school, I discovered that cognitive and developmental psychologists were finding answers to the questions that philosophers had debated for centuries by studying how infants and children perceive and reason about the world. I started working as a research assistant in a psychology lab at Harvard, helping with a study that was looking at how children learn spatial words ? whether they interpret made-up directional terms like ?ziv? and ?kern? in terms of their own bodies (e.g., left/right) or the environment (e.g., north/south) ? going back in a way to Kant. Because of my interest in language and culture, I was drawn to the cross-linguistic work on this topic, looking at how speakers of different languages use different frames of reference to talk about spatial relationships and whether and how this affects their nonlinguistic representations of space. In particular, I was drawn to a series of studies done with the Tseltal Maya of Chiapas, Mexico, by Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson that argued for rather strong effects of these cross-linguistic differences on speakers? perception of and reasoning about space.

I decided to go to Chiapas the summer after my first year as a doctoral student to see if I could learn this language and to find out if the claims in the literature were really true. My mentor in the psychology lab, Dr. Peggy Li, had previously worked on this question, prompting English speakers to perform like the Tseltal speakers tested by Brown and Levinson by changing the availability of environmental cues. With her help designing the studies, I collected pilot data on that first trip. I remember boarding the plane the day after testing ten participants, watching the mountains getting smaller and smaller. From that first trip, I fell in love with the region, the language, and fieldwork.

You collected data from informants using a number of ?fun games?. How did you design these games and how were they received?

With my collaborators, primarily Peggy Li, we adapted tasks that had previously been used with this and other populations, such as the ones used by Brown and Levinson and colleagues, and also designed new tasks based on other studies of spatial reasoning. We?re testing things like memory for small-scale spatial arrays, mental rotation, and navigation, which adapt well to a game-like format. So we do things like arrange toy animals in a pattern, and ask participants to arrange the animals in the same way after moving to a new location and turning to face a different direction. Or we hide a coin in an array while the participant watches, blindfold the participant and rotate the array, then remove the blindfold and ask the participant to find the coin. The games are challenging enough to engage people, but also relatively easy and short so they can be used with children and adults, and with individuals that are less familiar with school-like tasks. Sometimes the tasks are too hard the first time I try them, or the directions are unclear. Designing is always a process of piloting, reviewing and revising. Once I collect reliable data on a particular task, the next step is to analyze it and figure out what to manipulate to address the next question that comes out of the results. I always work with a research assistant that is a native speaker of Tseltal and lives in the community ? a woman I have worked with for several years. We go through the instructions and translations carefully and test everything out on family members first. I value her input greatly. I can?t speak for the participants, but I think they enjoy the games and like participating. It is something different and fun and doesn?t take up too much time. At this point, most people where I work know me and will sometimes ask if I am working on something they can participate in.

?

What was a major obstacle that you encountered in the course of your research? How did you adapt?

The biggest challenge, but also one of the greatest areas of interest, has been dealing with cultural and language change, and worrying about how my studies might be affecting the population with respect to the phenomenon that I am trying to study. Almost all children now attend school where they acquire Spanish, which uses an egocentric system (e.g., left/right). They also learn to read and write, where left-to-right and up-to-down orientations are important. And each year I see more and more infiltration of Western media and culture, particularly in the municipal center. You also see more and more migration of younger people to urban areas within Mexico and to the US for work. Many return to their community and families after saving money for several years. It would be inaccurate to portray these as static cultures or languages, cut off from the rest of mainstream Mexican society and the world. My data show that younger bilingual speakers who have attended secondary or high school use a combination of both left/right terms, generally in Spanish, along with geocentric directional terms in Tseltal, depending on the constraints of the task and who they are talking to. Younger children who have not yet acquired the use of a left/right system and older adults with lower levels of schooling who do not generally use a left/right system, provide stronger contrasts with speakers of languages like English, but it is still not clear cut. It is hard to know just how much exposure to Spanish and other cultural and environmental artifacts would be predicted to have an effect on patterns of spatial reasoning. It?s also a concern, where there is a limited participant pool, that participants who have been in multiple studies have been exposed to, or even taught the use of a left/right reference system though all the studies that they?ve done. They are also no longer na?ve participants, but may think that I am looking for a particular response where I am not.

There is no easy way to deal with these issues, which are research questions in themselves. I always collect background information on the participants, including their educational level, knowledge of Spanish and literacy skills, and I try to conduct as many comparisons as I can, working with different demographic subgroups within the same general population and geographic region. They aren?t clean comparisons since many factors covary, but they do provide a snapshot of the range of individual variation in the population at this particular point in time.

?

The notion that language is deeply connected to thought is, as you recognize, the subject of heated discourse in both academic and popular science. What do you think is at stake, politically, in the tension between universals and particulars?

The region where I work is fraught with political tensions and divisions. As a researcher, I try to understand what is, rather than taking a position on what ought to be, but of course, the question of the relationship between universals and particulars is extremely political ? or rather, can very easily be co-opted towards political ends. It cuts right to the question of how different groups of people differ as a result of the very things that define them as a group. In addition to the question of translatability and whether there can be true communication and understanding across groups, it?s a slippery slope to the question of whether one system or way of conceptualizing the world is in some way better or more optimal than another. Are speakers at a cognitive disadvantage if they have fewer number words in their language, or because they have no way of expressing ?to the left of the tree?? Do such speakers not develop the same capacity to reason about large quantities or to remember where things are from the perspective of an independent viewer? Do mature speakers lose the flexibility to acquire categories and concepts that are not encoded in their language? While innocent in itself, taken to an extreme, the argument that we are locked into how our language and culture conceptualize the world can be used to deepen divisions and further oppress already marginalized groups.

In the region where I work, indigenous children were at one time prohibited from and punished for speaking in their native language at school. Today, individuals may be reluctant to admit they speak an indigenous language after moving to an urban or mestizo region. In the community where I work, parents have expressed that the monolingual schools (where the teachers speak only Spanish) are better than the bilingual ones since their children acquire Spanish more quickly. They know that Spanish is the language of currency if their children are to further their education and advance in the mainstream Mexican economy. Identifying indigenous and minority languages as a barrier to acquiring more Western concepts might further contribute to their devaluation and ultimate loss. On the other hand, we can focus on the range of possibility that different languages and cultures afford, the strengths and advantages of each system as a unique solution to an environmental and communicative problem, and find arguments for maintaining linguistic and cultural diversity, particularly if we take these differences to result in flexible shapings at the margins of a largely shared conceptual core. I prefer to avoid such discussions, both for the sake of remaining true to the scientific process and also because I believe the question of cultural rights is separate from the market value of any particular language or cultural practice. It does concern me, however, that the academic debate in this area has tended to be so polarizing, and in the process, to polarize certain languages and cultures by perhaps overemphasizing differences while overlooking similarities.

Are you a current or past grantee and want to be featured in a mini-interview on our blog? Contact Daniel (dsalas@wennergren.org) to find out more.

Source: http://blog.wennergren.org/2012/02/interview-linda-abarbanell-on-spatial-language-and-reasoning-in-tseltal-mayans/

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Ideal Careers for 2010 | Melanc Thonwind

Finest Careers for 2010

The gurus and gurus in the many professions have offered their verdict that distinct expert fields will get the booty and are heading to offer the cream from the finances on the world-wide economic climate inside the existing year. To not forget those who have by now grabbed all those vocation chances. These are heading to own the ideal of both equally worlds! A selection of the vocation and career is getting wider day-to-day and it appears seriously challenging to decide and obtain (a lot more importantly) that which you need to do. To leading everything, you have the financial downturn, where even though you have a job you might be meant to truly feel blessed, selecting the correct vocation seems the many a lot more an uphill climb. Nonetheless, thanks to these surveys and ongoing scientific tests associated to this, the misplaced souls can see a flickering, faint light at the finish of dark tunnel. They could also get some large paying out entry-level jobs. Even so, the light I am speaking about is offering you the ideal careers for 2010. So hang in there to learn about quite possibly the highest paying out careers!

Finest Careers 2010

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Source: http://www.melancthonwind.com/ideal-careers-for-2010/

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More MegaUpload Fallout As BitTorrent Search Engine BTjunkie Calls It Quits

BTjunkie, a popular BitTorrent search service, has been 'voluntarily' shut down by its operator(s). In a goodbye message, BTjunkie writes:

This is the end of the line my friends. The decision does not come easy, but we've decided to voluntarily shut down. We've been fighting for years for your right to communicate, but it's time to move on. It's been an experience of a lifetime, we wish you all the best!

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/-IAiu0ovzgA/

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Hoekstra Super Bowl ad raises sensitivity question (AP)

LANSING, Mich. ? The portrayal of a young Asian woman speaking broken English in a Super Bowl ad being run by U.S. Senate candidate Pete Hoekstra against Michigan incumbent Debbie Stabenow is bringing charges of racial insensitivity.

GOP consultant Nick De Leeuw flat-out scolded the Holland Republican for the ad.

"Stabenow has got to go. But shame on Pete Hoekstra for that appalling new advertisement," De Leeuw wrote on his Facebook page Sunday morning. "Racism and xenophobia aren't any way to get things done."

A media consultant who has advised Democrats also thought it could prove problematic.

"Some Asian-Americans may be offended by the stereotype that is portrayed in the spot," said Robert Kolt, who teaches advertising part-time at Michigan State University and had previewed a number of Sunday's Super Bowl ads. "Pete seems like a nice guy in the ad, but I think he is wasting a lot of money now. ... It's just not Super Bowl-worthy. It's not cute, it's not funny and it's not memorable."

Hoekstra campaign spokesman Paul Ciaramitaro said the ad is meant to be satirical. Hoekstra's Facebook page, which by early evening was getting a barrage of criticism on the ad, snapped back that those "trying to make this an issue of race demonstrates their total ignorance of job creation policies." On YouTube, the ratings buttons on the ad were disabled after it aired.

"Democrats talk about race when they can't defend their records," Ciaramitaro said. "The U.S. economy is losing jobs to China because of Stabenow's reckless spending policies. China is reaping the reward."

The 30-second ad was filmed in California and never mentions China directly. It opens with the sound of a gong and shows a young Asian woman riding a bike on a narrow path lined by rice paddies.

Stopping her bike, the woman smiles into the camera and says, "Thank you, Michigan Senator Debbie Spenditnow. Debbie spends so much American money. You borrow more and more from us. Your economy get very weak. Ours get very good. We take your jobs. Thank you, Debbie Spenditnow."

The scene then shifts to Hoekstra telling viewers near a cozy fire, "I think this race is between Debbie Spenditnow and Pete Spenditnot."

The Hoekstra campaign set up a website, http://www.DebbieSpendItNow.com, that features the ad and includes Chinese writing, paper lanterns, parade dragons and Stabenow's face on a Chinese fan. It accuses the Democratic senator of "pouring American dollars into the Chinese economy."

Democrats were quick to challenge the premise of the ad, referring to Hoekstra's 18 years in the U.S. House and the fact that he joined a Washington-based law and lobbying firm last year.

"Hoekstra's ad is nothing more than a hypocritical attempt at a Hollywood-style makeover because the fact is, Pete spends a lot," Michigan Democratic Chairman Mark Brewer said. "Hoekstra voted for the $700 billion Wall Street bailout and voted for trillions more in deficit spending before quitting Congress to get rich at a Washington, D.C. lobbying firm. Hoekstra is using the big game to play games with Michigan voters."

Hoekstra GOP Senate rival Gary Glenn of Midland struck a similar theme.

"Saving America from the Washington, D.C., politicians who gave us this crippling debt and deficit crisis, Republican and Democrat alike, means Hoekstra and Stabenow should both get benched," Glenn said in a release.

In response to the Hoekstra ad, the state Democratic Party launched a website, hoekstrahoax.com, as well as a 60-second Web ad Sunday that shows a 2010 campaign ad run against Hoekstra by GOP gubernatorial rival Mike Cox.

Hoekstra's hoping to get the same bump from his ad that now-Gov. Rick Snyder got with his 2010 Super Bowl ad portraying himself as "one tough nerd." Both ads were created by media strategist Fred Davis of California-based Strategic Perception Inc.

The new ad is a twist on the anti-Republican "moving jobs to China" theme that Michigan Democrats successfully used against 2006 GOP gubernatorial candidate Dick DeVos and tried to use against Snyder in 2010. This time, the focus isn't on Republican businessmen sending jobs to China but on what Hoekstra says is Democratic overspending that has weakened the U.S. economy.

Stabenow, who's running for a third term, has pushed for trade policies aimed at China that impose duties and penalties on countries that manipulate their currency and penalize companies that steal intellectual property from U.S. companies. She's using the Hoekstra ad to raise money for her campaign, which already has nearly $6 million on hand.

Hoekstra's campaign is spending $75,000 to air the ad statewide Sunday. Supporters who donated $7.50 got to see the ad online before it aired Sunday morning in the Detroit media market. It aired in the Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo areas before the Super Bowl began and during the game in the Traverse City, Flint, Lansing and Marquette media markets, the campaign said.

The ad is set to run over the next two weeks on cable TV shows targeted at GOP voters.

___

Follow Kathy Barks Hoffman at http://twitter.com/kathybhoffman

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/uscongress/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120206/ap_on_el_se/us_senate_hoekstra_ad

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What Causes Cancer

Brief Introduction on cancer

Cancer is a disease in which there is abnormal and uncontrollable division of cells that in turn invades the other tissues. Cancer cells multiply from one part of the body to the other through blood or lymph systems. Cancer is not one single disease. There are more than hundred types of cancers and are classified depending on which body part is affected by it. Cancers are given names depending on which part of the body they originate from. For example, colon cancer originates from colon.

Cancers are divided into the following categories:

• Carcinoma: Cancer which originates in the skin or tissues surrounding internal organs
• Sarcoma: Cancer originating in the muscle, bone, fat, cartilage and blood vessels
• Leukemia: Cancer originating from the blood forming tissues like bone marrow and increasing the number of abnormal blood cells in the blood
• Myeloma and Lymphoma: Cancer originating in the immune system cells
• Central nervous system: Cancers that originate inside the tissues of the spinal cord and brain.

What causes cancer

A number of environmental factors are responsible for causing cancer. Asbestos (a group of minerals found in industrial buildings) can cause lot of health issues one of which is Mesothelioma. Also exposure to Benzene (chemical found in pollution, smoke and gasoline) increases the risk of cancer. Drinking alcohol is excess is another reason for cancer.

• Diet, body weight and exercise

30 percent to 35 percent cases of cancer have an association with a person?s improper diet, obesity and lack of exercise. Obesity is known to cause various types of cancers and responsible for 15 percent to 20 percent of deaths due to cancer in the United States. Lack of physical activities also contributes in development of various cancers. Intake of diet, which does not consists of fruits, whole grains and vegetables, but contains highly processed foods and red meat is also responsible for causing cancer.

The risk of majority of the cancers increases as a person gets older. As we age, there are number of changes that take place in the genes and can lead to development of cancer cell, which will further multiply and cause cancer.

In the past, bacterial infections were not considered as a cause of cancer. Later it was found that people with helicobacter pylori are at an increased rick of stomach cancer. 18 percent of the cancers around the world are due to bacteria infectious diseases.

• Immune system dysfunction

Generally people facing immune system problems are more prone to cancers. It includes:

• Those who have undergone organ transplants and making use of drugs for suppressing their immune system so that the organ rejection comes to an end
• HIV positive people or those having AIDS
• Those born with rare medical syndromes

As per the National Cancer Institute, 30 percent of the cancer deaths are because of smoking in the United States. Smoking is responsible for about 85 percent of lung cancers and others cancers like stomach cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer and cervical cancer.

Certain viruses can cause cancer by causing genetic changes in the cells of the body that can later become cancerous. Cervical cancer, various genital cancers, liver cancer, lymphomas, Leukemia and oropharyngeal cancer are a few types of cancers that occur due to viruses.

Exposure to harmful radiations is another cause of cancer. When exposed to ultraviolet radiations of the sun, the cells on the skin are damaged. Radiations from mobile phones, electric power transmitters and similar sources can contribute in development of cancers.

Genes of a person play a huge role in the development of cancer. Having a family history of any cancer can increase the risk of a person suffering from any type of cancer. Having a family history of cancer does not necessarily mean that you will get it anyhow. It only means that you are at an increased risk of developing cancer.

A few hormones play a vital role in the development of various cancers by promoting cell proliferation. Some of cancers caused due to hormones are breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, testis cancer, endometrium cancer, bone cancer and thyroid cancer.

Having unsafe sex can lead to development of a virus called Human Papillioma Virus (HPV). HPV is a group of more than hundred viruses and can cause various cancers such as anal cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer and vulvar cancer.

Treatment for cancer

Treatment for cancer depends on the type of cancer and on which stage it is. Cancers detected at early stages can be treated, but there are very less chances of survival if it is detected in the last stages. If the cancer has not spread too far and is confined to a single location then surgery is the best treatment option. Many cancers are also treated by giving Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy. Visit a doctor to know the best suitable treatment for cancer before it?s too late.

Source: http://knowwhatcauses.com/what-causes-cancer.htm

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NFL's Goodell says no plans to expand anytime soon

NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell answers a question during a news conference Friday, Feb. 3, 2012, in Indianapolis. The New England Patriots will face the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLVI on Feb. 5. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell answers a question during a news conference Friday, Feb. 3, 2012, in Indianapolis. The New England Patriots will face the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLVI on Feb. 5. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell answers a question during a news conference Friday, Feb. 3, 2012, in Indianapolis. The New England Patriots will face the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLVI on Feb. 5. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell poses with the Vince Lombardi Trophy after a news conference Friday, Feb. 3, 2012, in Indianapolis. The New England Patriots will face the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLVI on Feb. 5. (AP Photo/David J. Phillip)

INDIANAPOLIS (AP) ? Sorry, Los Angeles. The only NFL expansion happening anytime soon is to next season's schedule of Thursday night games.

During his annual Super Bowl news conference, Commissioner Roger Goodell said Friday there hasn't been any discussion about adding to the league's 32 teams, and indicated he's not too keen about the idea of shifting a franchise, either.

"We have not talked about expansion in the league at all. It has not been on our agenda. It is not something we've focused on with our membership. And I don't see that in the foreseeable future," Goodell said. "We want to keep our teams where they are. We believe that's healthier for the league in the long term. We're working to get stadiums built and make sure we do whatever we can to make sure those teams are successful in those communities."

Los Angeles, the second-largest market in the U.S., has been without an NFL team since the Rams and Raiders both left after the 1994 season.

"We would like to be back in Los Angeles, if we can do it correctly," Goodell said. "There are a lot of issues that have to be balanced there."

He announced that every club will appear on prime-time TV in 2012, thanks in part to a new slate of Thursday games that now will be scheduled from Week 2 through Week 15. NBC will air a game on Thanksgiving night; the other 12 Thursdays will go on the NFL Network, which aired eight games in 2011.

"We think it's great for the fans, for the teams ? and great for the network," Goodell said.

He discussed a wide variety of issues during his 45-minute session with reporters, touching on topics such as concussions, testing players for human growth hormone, and games in England, Mexico and elsewhere.

Asked about an Associated Press story this week based on interviews with a dozen former players, including Hall of Fame member Tony Dorsett, who have filed lawsuits against the league related to concussions, Goodell said: "We have done a great deal to try to address issues that are specific to our former players. We will always make sure that player health and safety is the No. 1 priority in the NFL."

"We will not quit. We are not done yet. We're going to do what we possibly can to help our retired players, the current players and future players, by making the game safer," Goodell said.

"And we will do that with rules, we will do that by improving the equipment, and we will do it by making sure that we pioneer research that's going to make sure we understand all there is about brain injuries, brain disease, and make sure we're being responsible leaders."

Asked about a report that the language in player contracts might be changed to prohibit suing the league, Goodell replied: "In certain cases, a club and a player may have individual negotiations, but there is no league-wide effort to do that."

He pointed out this season's new kickoff rules meant to improve safety, saying injury rates were down, particularly for concussions.

Noting one possible change for next season, Goodell said the league likely will increase its use of replays to help team doctors assess possible injuries by putting TVs on every sideline. That's something the league began during the playoffs, in reaction to Cleveland Browns quarterback Colt McCoy going back into a December game after a helmet-to-helmet shot.

Goodell said the league also will consider having independent neurological doctors at games to examine players and determine if they should be held out because of concussions. When the AP interviewed a group of current players about that last year, 31 were in favor, and 10 against it.

"We're not going to relent on safety," he said, noting that it's important that "the medical decisions are always overriding competitive decisions."

Two hours later, at another news conference down the hall from where Goodell spoke, Indianapolis Colts center Jeff Saturday said recent changes to concussion protocols are working.

"Awareness is helping," said Saturday, a member of the union's executive board. "I know players hate it, and we get fined. But if it saves a guy's wife from having to take care of him when he's 50 years old, I'm all for it. A guy's got to sit out."

Having the league impose a rule limiting hits in practice was necessary, Saturday said, because every coach has different philosophies. Tony Dungy and Jim Caldwell, the Colts' last two coaches, didn't have their players hit a lot in practice. But Saturday said others, such as former Colts coach Jim Mora and former Jets and Browns coach Eric Mangini, never backed off.

"There's a lot of unknowns about brain injury and the brain itself," Goodell said. "We're all learning."

Other items addressed by Goodell on Friday:

? The NFL would like to start testing for HGH this offseason; the league and players haven't been able to resolve an impasse even though the new, 10-year collective bargaining agreement added that performance-enhancer to the drug program. On Thursday, NFL Players Association executive director DeMaurice Smith said: "No one will bully us into a test."

"We have been working to try to address the issues the union has raised," Goodell said. "We believe the science is clear. I do not hear any dispute from scientists around the world on the fact that this test is valid and we have the basis to put in and implement an HGH test that is fair to the players. We expect to be able to do that."

? Asked about complaints from the city of St. Louis about last month's announcement that the Rams will play one "home" game in London in each of the next three seasons, Goodell said: "We're going to play the London games. We hope it will be with the Rams and the New England Patriots next year. That's what we planned. ... But there are issues that obviously are going to have to get resolved. We know there are discussions going on. We hope that will get resolved shortly."

The league is looking into bringing a regular-season game back to Mexico, and would like to eventually consider other sites in Latin America. Similarly, if its current plans for games in London prove successful, other spots in Europe could get games.

? All the buzz and speculation this week about injured Colts quarterback Peyton Manning, who didn't play this season, doesn't bother Goodell, who said that hasn't been a distraction in the run-up to Sunday's game between the New York Giants and New England Patriots.

"I understand the interest," Goodell said.

As for whether Indianapolis might host another Super Bowl, Goodell said that's a possibility, because "they're doing a fantastic job."

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AP National Writer Nancy Armour and AP Sports Writer Joe Kay contributed to this report.

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Howard Fendrich can be reached at http://twitter.com/HowardFendrich

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2012-02-03-Super%20Bowl-Goodell/id-a412c288888a4c659d3bcfda6c771cf7

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